A Interview At Advani s Employment At Tusk Essay

Ms. Advani commenced her employment at Tusk in or around the year 2001. During her employment with Tusk, Ms. Advani was promoted on multiple occasions and usually earned $75,000 annually. Ms. Advani performed many duties, including, but not limiting to: achieving ensuring revenue goals are met, prospecting and developing new client relationships within a defined market, consulting with clients on business issues, developing innovative proposals, managing and mentoring a team and resolving sales or delivery issues, etc. Ms. Advani has been a stellar employee at Tusk. Ms. Advani has been satisfactorily performing her duties and responsibilities since her hire. During Ms. Advani’s employment with Tusk at the store located at 242 West 26th Street New York, New York 11001. Hiten K. Mansetta was the owner of the business. Mr. Mansetta subjected her to numerous incidents of sexual harassment. The harassment commenced in or about February 2015, when Mr. Mansetta discovered Ms. Advani separated from her husband, who was living in India. Mr. Mansetta would refer to himself as a King and Ms. Advani as her Queen making Ms. Advani feel uncomfortable. Mr. Mansetta would not behave in this matter towards the other employees. Furthermore, from February 2015 to April 2015, Mr. Mansetta began to display more attention towards Ms. Advani. On or about April 2015, Mr. Mansetta invited Ms. Advani to a business dinner. Throughout the entire night, Mr. Mansetta expressed flirtous gestures

Comparing Treatments for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in...

Comparing Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Domestic Violence and Raped Women Victims Abstract The present research will evaluate treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). A group of victims of domestic violence (DV) and rape with persistent PTSD will be recruited and submitted to a 6 month therapy. There will be a 3 X 2 independent groups factorial design where the independent groups are going to be women with PTSD (domestic violence and rape victims) and treatments; one group of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and the second will be issued SSRIs observed under the medicated treatment of Fluoxetine, the third group will be a control condition treatment of self-help literature (VA’s website i.e. â€Å"Coping†¦show more content†¦Previous studies on cognitive change have typically employed self-report inventories of cognitive distortions, which limit the response options available to participants and focus on content rather than process. What has not been attempted to date is to asses cognitions in a less-restricted manner and to examine the proc ess of assimilation, accommodation, and overcoomodation. The samples of battered women who are studies are almost exclusively made up of women who came forward and sought help or shelter. These samples are probably not representative of battered or raped women. They might be the most troubled of battered women or raped women, who sought help because of their distress; or they may be the healthiest of battered women, who still have the resources to seek services. The most distressed may not have requested help because they are immobilized. Depending upon the formulation of which current samples represent, the psychological distress of battering may be over or underestimated (Johnson, Beight, 2003). There has been minimal investigation of the association with PTSD treatment outcomes in general, or how they might be associated with different types of treatment. Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) has been established as highly efficacious treatment for PTSD (Monson, Rodriguez, Warner, 2005), and is perhaps the treatment of choice according to meta-analysis comparing itShow MoreRelatedCompare and contrast CBT and psychodynamic approaches to counselling focusing particularly on trauma and PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder): Theory and therapy.2350 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Compare and contrast CBT and psychodynamic approaches to counselling focusing particularly on trauma and PTSD (post traumatic stress disorder): Theory and therapy. When working with clients in today’s society it’s extremely important to take into consideration the specific needs of each individual. Serious contemplation is given to the approaches and methods regarding the client’s need and presenting matters. Trauma appears in many forms in society, even from the 1960’s due to the impact on returningRead MoreDomestic Violence: The Severity of the Issue Essay examples2946 Words   |  12 Pages Domestic violence dates back to the beginning of time, but has only really made an impact within the last one hundred years. Domestic violence can be defined as â€Å"any use of physical or sexual force, actual or threatened, in an intimate relationship† and can include a single act, or a reoccurring act amongst the victim and offender (Edmonton Police Service). Although men are affected by domestic violence, most people â€Å"assume the male batterer/female victim paradigm† (Hanna). This is understood throughRea d MoreDomestic Violence Against Women? Essay3283 Words   |  14 PagesDomestic Violence against Women Domestic violence against women refers to structural acts of aggression, sadism, pain, and oppression that are gender-based resulting to physical, psychological, and sexual harm, and suffering to women. Coercing, arbitrary deprivation of liberty and threatening to engage in actions causing harm and suffering either in public or private to women also constitute gender-based domestic violence. According to Black et al. (2011), gender-based roots of violence and aggressionRead MoreDomestic Violence: Beyond Patriarchy3825 Words   |  16 PagesDomestic Violence: Beyond Patriarchy In the Beginning The Battered Womens movement of the 1970s enlightened society about a much secreted, and what at the time, was considered a family matter, that of violence against women by their male intimate partners. Many lives have been saved as a direct result of societys public awareness of this much-hidden scourge on our families. Federal and state laws prohibiting Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) have been enacted, and funding has been put in placeRead MoreEssay Paper84499 Words   |  338 PagesResponsibility of successor †¢ 2–12, page 15 Separate commands of the U.S. Army serving together †¢ 2–13, page 15 Separate commands of the several military Services of the United States serving together †¢ 2–14, page 15 Ineligibility for command of post or activity †¢ 2–15, page 15 Restrictions †¢ 2–16, page 15 Relief for cause †¢ 2–17, page 16 Noncommissioned officer support channel †¢ 2–18, page 16 Precedence of relative grade, enlisted Soldiers †¢ 2–19, page 17 Date of rank, enlisted Soldiers †¢Read MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 PagesA. Clark. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-10: 1-57230-963-6 ISBN-13: 978-1-57230-963-0 (hardcover: alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-59385-375-0 ISBN-13: 978-1-59385-375-4 (paperback) 1. Cognitive therapy. 2. Obsessive–compulsive disorder. I. Title. RC489.C63C57 2004 616.85†²2270651—dc22 2003020283 To my parents, Albert and Ardith, for their support and encouragement About the Author About the Author David A. Clark, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Psychology

Earnings management Avoid Earnings Decreases and Losses

Question: Discuss about the Earnings management to avoid earnings decreases and losses? Answer: The paper provides a cross-segment distribution of earnings evident in firms with low occurrences of small reduces and high occurrences of small raises. The motivation for the study emphasizes to avoid earning decreases and losses on earnings management. The evidence is highlighted on two works of earnings namely cash flow operations and working capital. However, the issue that Dichev and Burstahler (1997) are trying to discuss enterprise's performance based on measures of earnings by matching the revenues to expenses at the time when the transaction is carried out and when the payment is made in the discussion section of the annual report. However, the importance of strategic actions is measured against the goal of the firm to bring out high increases in earnings over a long-term when the earnings per share are below an encompassing number. The importance of earnings on cash flow and working capital is still prevalent in today's time to review the financial condition of the firm wit h increased earnings (Hamdi and Zarai 2102). The study elaborates the role of managers as well in maintaining a pattern of increasing earnings to achieve the important objective of the firm. The theoretical arguments that the authors provided in establishing hypotheses were based on the cross sectional distribution of earning changes such that the management wishes to evade losses will be reflected in the form of low occurrences and high occurrences of small losses and positive earnings respectively. The author states two types of evidence in formulating the hypotheses to determine the avoid decreases in earnings and losses (Li 2014). The methods applied to study the earnings management is done through a graphical representation in the figure of histograms of the cross-segment pooled experimental distributions of magnitude changes and level of earnings. The other part is based on carrying out statistical tests that of the formulated hypothesis using ex-ante and ex-post manipulation of earnings. Nevertheless, the changes in cash flow operations are recorded using quartiles for 1000 observations of the conditional distributions for the portfolio formed on the magnitude of scaled earnings whereas the changes in working capital is also shown in quartiles for 1000 observations on the scaled earnings. The results show that the earnings decreases and losses are evenly controlled to manage away. The empirical evidence depicts that 8-12% of the firms that shows little-uncontrolled earnings decrease the exercise to discretion on reported increased earnings. On the other hand, 30-44% firms with uncontrolled negative earnings decrease the exercise to discretion on reported positive earnings. However, after analyzing the two components of earnings management, it was brought to notice that changes in working capital and cash flow from operations have been used to manage earnings effectively. However, investigating on motivation the two theories that could efficiently explain the outcome by decreasing the costs forced for the transaction with stakeholders in the enterprise. The second theory being that assumes aversion to relative and absolute losses on the prospect theory (Subekti 2013). The implications identified with the theory are that earnings management pooled cross-sectional approach could have been applied to meet the former management forecasts of the earnings. In addition, the deviations could have been relatively observed from the forecasts to observe a pointed discontinuity of lower absorption of small discrepancies of reported earnings and a higher absorption of positive discrepancies. The suggestion of the study relates to the precision of defined goal of earning in the different setting in an empirical issue (Gilliam et al. 2015). The results depict the market via financial statements. However, with some amount of degree of freedom in the choice of accounting method, the firms use incentives to distort the financial statements or particularly slot in earnings management. However, if the regulation of financial statements makes earnings management of this sort then alternative solutions available to managers is to misrepresent the decisions. As an accountant of the study, the earnings management did not build a systematic process of performing the study. However, one thing that I would like to take away is that less importance in given to financial reporting and accounting such that modest insight for standard setters in earning management is excluded. This not only defines the existence and reason but highlights the occurrence of a variety of reasons like stock market perceptions, the likelihood of lending agreements and regulatory intervention (Marinakis 2011). Nevertheless, the decision should be based on the criteria that satisfies and defines the desired accounting treatment of the transaction. In this way, the firm will get the reporting it wants and earnings management would be substituted by a designer transaction such that reporting of one transaction suggests other kind of transaction. The net result of designer transaction will not only give good intentions of the regulation but will also provide faithfully re presented transactions that fail to some degree (Van Mourik and Walton 2013). However, according to the reexaminination done by Siriviriyakul (2013) it depicts that small profit firms do not contstitute a higher proportion of earnings than any other firms. However, a set of novel designed tests are unable to confirm that se of real earnings management to avoid losses. The research paper seems to be restricted even if tested on 1000 observations. Hence, the aspect that could have brought facets to the study other than cash stream from operations and working capital would have incomes with different manageable accrual levels, accounts receivables and inventory that could change negative pre-managed incomes to changes in positive accounted incomes (De Jong et al. 2014). References Burgstahler, D. and Dichev, I., 1997. Earnings management to avoid earnings decreases and losses.Journal of accounting and economics,24(1), pp.99-126. De Jong, A., Mertens, G., Van der Poel, M. and Van Dijk, R., 2014. How does earnings management influence investors perceptions of firm value? Survey evidence from financial analysts.Review of Accounting Studies,19(2), pp.606-627. Gilliam, T.A., Heflin, F. and Paterson, J.S., 2015. Evidence that the zero-earnings discontinuity has disappeared.Journal of Accounting and Economics,60(1), pp.117-132. Hamdi, F.M. and Zarai, M.A., 2012. Earnings management to avoid earnings decreases and losses: empirical evidence from Islamic banking industry.Research Journal of Finance and Accounting,3(3), pp.88-107. Li, W., 2014. A theory on the discontinuity in earnings distributions.Contemporary Accounting Research,31(2), pp.469-497. Marinakis, P., 2011.An investigation of earnings management and earnings manipulation in the UK(Doctoral dissertation, University of Nottingham). Siriviriyakul, S., 2013. Re-examining real earnings management to avoid losses.Available at SSRN. Subekti, I., 2013. Accrual and Real Earnings Management: One of The Perspectives of Prospect Theory.Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy Ventura,15(3), pp.443-456. Van Mourik, C. and Walton, P., 2013.The Routledge Companion to Accounting, Reporting and Regulation. Routledge

The Role of Culture on Child Development Essays - Education

The Role of Culture on Child Development Yeney Armenteros Priyanka Khanna Brittany Williams Mays Hugh Wilks Professor Cox EDUN 101 Yeney Armenteros Priyanka Khanna Brittany Williams Mays Hugh Wilks Professor Cox EDUN 101 19 October 2014 The Role of Culture in Child Development Child development is a dynamic process that is extremely difficult to separate the physical and psychosocial factors, except conceptually. In these conditions, psychosocial development is the cognitive, social and emotional development and not small as a result of the continuous interaction between the child growing and changing environment. The differences of the ecological and cultural environment profoundly affect the physical and mental development. The interaction with the medium defines the character of the skills and knowledge acquired and how they are valued; learning experiences of the children of farmers in West Java will be somewhat different from those of the shepherd children of the Bolivian highlands, and every social group especially value those skills that are most needed in your environment. The Role of Culture in Cognitive Development Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget are cited more often by his theories on cognitive development. Piaget emphasized four stages of development that occur throughout childhood until the child cognition reaches its end around the age of 15. Vygotsky, on the other hand, proposes a socio - cultural theory of cognitive development, in which the cognitive abilities of children evolve from interactions with the culture around them, such as parents, teachers and other partners. While Piaget emphasized cognitive development as an individual and universal process, Vygotsky emphasized that cognitive development varies between cultures and is largely the result of the interaction with culture. Biological Principles Vygotsky proposed that children come equipped with some important mental functions. These functions include memory, sensation, perception and attention. These basic mental functions then take advantage of the culture of which are subject, and culture transforms these functions into new higher mental processes or cognitive abilities. Social Influence Early cognitive competence arises from interactions with adults and other relevant partners in the child's culture. Vygotsky cites as evidence the many tasks that a child must learn and are too complicated to assimilate in isolation, such as speaking a language. He proposes that most tasks are learned through the guidance and encouragement of the culture that surrounds the child. The cognitive development so influenced and shaped as participating in cultural activities and watch adults participating in them. Cultural Diversity and cognitive development Belonging to a particular culture influences cognitive processes of people in various ways, some so subtle that they cannot be recognized at first glance. For example, several studies indicate that people in urban European American and middle-class communities tend to have more interactions in pairs (dyads) than in groups, while people of other cultural backgrounds displayed more often multiple, simultaneous participation and group. This is easily understood if we remember that in communities where the family is usually extensive, as is the case in most communities of Peru is common for infants and toddlers are cared for by several people other than parents, which gives these children varied opportunities to observe and participate in different groups and have multiple simultaneous interactions. In contrast, in industrialized communities where usually only the mother or another adult (the nanny, etc.) is responsible for the care of these children have few opportunities t o participate in daily groups, either with adults or other children. The Role of Culture in Language Development When a child lives in a house where a second language is spoken, it becomes hard for the child to learn the material in the classroom. It also becomes had for the teachers as well. Because the students might not understand what the teacher is saying to them, it becomes hard for the student to understand the material. If the student does not know what the teacher is saying, then how can a student learn? For the teacher it becomes harder and harder because they have other students to worry about as well. If the teacher has an assistant teacher, then it becomes a little easier. But still there is a little worry in the back of the head for the student especially when it becomes time for testing the child's progress. In a NAYCE article